ATI Pathophysiology Practice Exam 2026 – All-in-One Guide to Master Your Exam Success!

Helicobacter pylori infection is a well-established common cause of peptic ulcer disease. This bacterium colonizes the gastric mucosa and is capable of evading the stomach’s acidic environment, leading to chronic inflammation (chronic gastritis) and the disruption of the mucosal barrier. When the mucosal barrier is compromised, gastric acid can damage the underlying tissue, leading to the formation of ulcers. The strong association between H. pylori and both gastric and duodenal ulcers has been well documented in medical literature, underscoring its role in ulcer pathogenesis.

Other factors, such as excessive alcohol consumption, chronic stress, and high-fat diets can contribute to the development of peptic ulcers but are not as prevalent or direct causes as H. pylori. Alcohol may irritate the gastric lining and promote ulcer development but is not considered a primary etiological agent like H. pylori. Similarly, chronic stress can exacerbate existing ulcers or cause increased gastric acid secretion, but it does not directly lead to ulcer formation. A high-fat diet can contribute to gastrointestinal discomfort and may influence gastric secretions, but it is not classified as a primary cause of peptic ulcers.